Places & History

Perseverance · 18 February 2021 landing

Perseverance studies an ancient lake-and-delta setting and collects rock samples. The delta helps scientists investigate past habitability.

Ingenuity · 19 April 2021 first flight

Ingenuity demonstrated powered, controlled flight on another planet. Its flight archive shows how aerial scouting complemented surface exploration in Jezero.

Curiosity · 6 August 2012 landing

Curiosity investigates layered rocks in Gale Crater and on Mount Sharp to understand how the ancient environment changed.

Opportunity · January 2004 landing

Opportunity explored Meridiani Planum and found geological evidence of past water. Its mission archive preserves a long record of rover exploration.

Viking 1 · 20 July 1976

Viking 1 returned views and science measurements from Chryse Planitia. Its lander carried experiments designed to investigate the Martian environment and possible life.

Viking 2 · 3 September 1976

Viking 2 landed in Utopia Planitia. Together, the two Viking landers created a foundation for long-duration Mars surface science.

InSight · 26 November 2018 landing

InSight used a stationary lander to study the Martian interior. Its seismic observations changed how scientists understand the structure beneath the surface.

Mars Express · Orbital geological mapping

Olympus Mons is an immense shield volcano in the Tharsis region. Orbital geography reveals the relationship between the volcano and the surrounding rise.

Mars Express · Stereo canyon observations

Valles Marineris stretches roughly 4,000 kilometres. Mars Express imagery reveals immense walls, interior formations and the scale of this canyon system.

Mars Express · Orbital fracture mapping

Noctis Labyrinthus is a network of valleys and fractured plateaus west of Valles Marineris. Its terrain reflects tectonic stresses associated with the Tharsis region.

ESA ExoMars site studies · Selected exploration region

Oxia Planum contains ancient clay-rich rocks that indicate a history involving water. It is a target region for ExoMars exploration, not a completed rover landing.